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Additional file 4: Supplementary Table 5. Full bacteria name listed in Fig. 4a in male rats. Supplementary Table 6. Full bacteria name listed in Fig. 4b in female rats.

Additional file 2. Likely alcohol-sensitive, fetal sex-specific miRNAs (ANOVA-Bootstrap). Table includes MIMAT numbers, chromosomal location and names of the likely alcohol-sensitive, fetal sex-specific miRNAs for each sex in HEa and HEua in each of the second and third trimesters.

Abstract Background We aimed to describe the prevalence of PTSD symptoms and its associated factors in persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Uganda who engage in heavy alcohol use. Methods We analyzed baseline data from the Drinkers Intervention to Prevent Tuberculosis study which enrolls PLWH with latent tuberculosis who engage in heavy alcohol consumption. Using the primary care Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) screening scale from the DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5), probable PTSD was defined as reporting ≥3 of 5 assessed symptoms. We conducted the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption and assessed demographics, smoking, symptoms of depression, and spirituality/religiosity. Results Of 421 participants enrolled from 2018 through 2020, the majority (68.2%) were male, median age was 40 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 32–47), and median AUDIT-C score was 6 [IQR: 4–8]. Half (50.1%) of the participants reported ever experiencing a traumatic event, and 20.7% reported ≥3 symptoms of PTSD. The most commonly reported PTSD symptoms in the past 1 month in the entire sample were avoidance (28.3%), nightmares (27.3%), and being constantly on guard (21.6%). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, level of alcohol use was not associated with probable PTSD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for each AUDIT-C point: (1.02; 95% CI: 0.92–1.14; p = 0.69); however, lifetime smoking (AOR 1.89; 95% CI: 1.10–3.24) and reporting symptoms of depression (AOR 1.89; 95% CI: 1.04–3.44) were independently associated with probable PTSD. Conclusions and recommendations A history of traumatic events and probable PTSD were frequently reported among persons who engage in heavy drinking, living with HIV in Uganda. Level of alcohol use was not associated with probable PTSD in this sample of PLWH with heavy alcohol use, however other behavioral and mental health factors were associated with probable PTSD. These data highlight the high prevalence of PTSD in this group, and the need for screening and interventions for PTSD and mental health problems.

Additional file 3. Primer sequences used for cloning.

This dataset contains final analysis cases used in our paper Psychosocial Constructs Related to Alcohol, Cigarette, and Marijuana Use: An Integrated and Harmonized Analysis. We assembled raw data from 25 longitudinal research projects. We collected data from our own research projects (7 projects) as well data provided by 18 researchers. Datasets included epidemiological studies and prevention studies. For the latter, only control group and pretest data were included. All data, including surveys and projects have been de-identified. {"references": ["Hansen, W. B., Saldana, S., & Ip, E. H. Psychosocial indicators of adolescent alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use: An analysis of normalized, harmonized, and pooled data"]}

Additional file2: Supplementary Figure 1. Annotation markup for MDM and microglial cell counts. Unbiased sampling procedures were used to count MDMs and microglia throughout the lesion. a Lesions were traced (blue trace) and partitioned into 100 μm2, randomly placed, boxes that were evenly spaced at 100 μm apart (green boxes). b Within each sampling area, MDMs (brown cells; red circles) were counted as long as cresyl violet nuclei were contained within, or touching, the right or top margins of the box. Microglia (black cells; blue measuring bar; blue arrow) were counted that met pre-defined criterion of presenting with a soma and at least 5 μm in length or diameter, and were contained within, or touching, the right or top margins of the box. Cells with nuclei touching the bottom or left margins (yellow arrow) were excluded from cell counts.

Abstract Background Cardiometabolic (CM) risk affects approximately 25% of adults globally, and is diagnosed by meeting 3 out of 5 of the following CM risk factors: elevated blood pressure, high triglycerides, elevated blood sugar, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, and abdominal obesity. Adults with CM risk are approximately 22% more likely to have higher mortality rates, and alcohol consumption may be associated with higher CM risk. While previous studies have investigated this potential connection, the majority of them did not include African-origin adults. Therefore, the study aimed to explore the association between alcohol intake and CM risk in 5 African-origin cohorts, spanning the epidemiologic transition in Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles and the United States of America. Methods Measurements included clinical measures for CM risk and self-reported alcohol consumption. Each participant was categorized into one of three drinking categories: non-drinker, light drinker (1���3 drinks daily for men and 1���2 drinks daily for women) and heavy drinker (4 or more drinks every day for men and 3 or more drinks per day for women). Using non-drinker status as the reference, the association between alcohol consumption status and prevalence of each of the five CM risk factors and overall elevated CM risk (having 3 out of 5 risk factors) was explored, adjusting for site, age and sex. Associations were explored using logistic regression and significance was determined using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results Neither light nor heavy drinking was associated with increased odds for having higher CM risk compared to nondrinkers (OR = 1.05, p = 0.792 and OR = 1.11, p = 0.489, respectively). However, light drinking was associated with lower odds for having low high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol (OR = 0.69, p = 0.002) and increased risk for high triglycerides (OR = 1.48, p = 0.030). Heavy drinking was associated with elevated blood pressure (OR = 1.59, p = 0.002), high triglycerides (OR = 1.73, p = 0.006) and decreased risk of low HDL-cholesterol (OR = 0.621, p

Additional file 2. Caspase expression in the brain. Lysates from digested brains isolated from control, DSS or LPS-treated mice were stained with antibodies against caspase-1 p20 (shown in Fig. 2C), caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-7 or actin (A). Bands labeled with an asterisk were quantified (A). Mouse splenocytes treated with 10 ��M staurosporine in vitro were used as a positive control (+ lane) to measure cleaved caspases (B).