Single primer enrichment technology (SPET) is a new, robust, and customizable solution for targeted genotyping. Unlike genotyping by sequencing (GBS), and like DNA chips, SPET is a targeted genotyping technology, relying on the sequencing of a region flanking a primer. Its reliance on single primers, rather than on primer pairs, greatly simplifies panel design, and allows higher levels of multiplexing than PCR-based genotyping. Thanks to the sequencing of the regions surrounding the target SNP, SPET allows the discovery of thousands of closely linked, novel SNPs. In order to assess the potential of SPET for high-throughput genotyping in plants, a panel comprising 5k target SNPs, designed both on coding regions and introns/UTRs, was developed for tomato and eggplant. Genotyping of two panels composed of 400 tomato and 422 eggplant accessions, comprising both domesticated material and wild relatives, generated a total of 12,002 and 30,731 high confidence SNPs, respectively, which comprised both target and novel SNPs in an approximate ratio of 1:1.6, and 1:5.5 in tomato and eggplant, respectively. The vast majority of the markers was transferrable to related species that diverged up to 3.4 million years ago (
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citations | 58 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 1% |
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pmid: 28347287
pmc: PMC5369198
handle: 11588/670934 , 11562/973900 , 20.500.12079/1796 , 11573/953954
pmid: 28347287
pmc: PMC5369198
handle: 11588/670934 , 11562/973900 , 20.500.12079/1796 , 11573/953954
The environment has a profound influence on the organoleptic quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit, the extent of which depends on a well-regulated and dynamic interplay among genes, metabolites and sensorial attributes. We used a systems biology approach to elucidate the complex interacting mechanisms regulating the plasticity of sensorial traits. To investigate environmentally challenged transcriptomic and metabolomic remodeling and evaluate the organoleptic consequences of such variations we grown three tomato varieties, Heinz 1706, whose genome was sequenced as reference and two "local" ones, San Marzano and Vesuviano in two different locations of Campania region (Italy).Responses to environment were more pronounced in the two "local" genotypes, rather than in the Heinz 1706. The overall genetic composition of each genotype, acting in trans, modulated the specific response to environment. Duplicated genes and transcription factors, establishing different number of network connections by gaining or losing links, play a dominant role in shaping organoleptic profile. The fundamental role of cell wall metabolism in tuning all the quality attributes, including the sensorial perception, was also highlighted.Although similar fruit-related quality processes are activated in the same environment, different tomato genotypes follow distinct transcriptomic, metabolomic and sensorial trajectories depending on their own genetic makeup.
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citations | 46 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
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A pervasive assessment of air quality in an urban or mobile scenario is paramount for personal or city-wide exposure reduction action design and implementation. The capability to deploy a high-resolution hybrid network of regulatory grade and low-cost fixed and mobile devices is a primary enabler for the development of such knowledge, both as a primary source of information and for validating high-resolution air quality predictive models. The capability of real-time and cumulative personal exposure monitoring is also considered a primary driver for exposome monitoring and future predictive medicine approaches. Leveraging on chemical sensing, machine learning, and Internet of Things (IoT) expertise, we developed an integrated architecture capable of meeting the demanding requirements of this challenging problem. A detailed account of the design, development, and validation procedures is reported here, along with the results of a two-year field validation effort.
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citations | 17 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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handle: 20.500.12079/6827
Presentiamo una metodologia basata sul telerilevamento per una rapida valutazione dello stato e delle tendenze della produttività del territorio (LP) a livello nazionale e subnazionale. Questa metodologia mira a sostenere le politiche ambientali nazionali e internazionali per raggiungere l'obiettivo di Land Degradation Neutrality nel quadro dell'Agenda 2030 delle Nazioni Unite e degli Obiettivi di sviluppo sostenibile. Il lavoro è stato eseguito utilizzando l'indice NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) della NASA-MODIS come indicatore proxy dello stato e della tendenza di LP. Lo stato LP è stato identificato dalla media e dalla deviazione standard dei valori annuali LP 2000-2015. I trend di LP delle serie annuali sono state calcolate utilizzando i test Mann-Kendall (MK) e Contextual Mann-Kendal (CMK). La quantità di terreno con trend crescenti e decrescenti è stata valutata assumendo il livello di significatività del 95% nelle aree ove la qualità del dati NDVI è affidabile. L'area di trend LP crescenti e decrescenti è stimata per il territorio nazionale e per diverse coperture del suolo. Le variazioni di LP positive osservate sono sicumente correlate alla progressiva rinaturalizzazione del territorio in seguito alla diminuzione delle attività agricole e all'aumento delle precipitazioni nella stagione invernale nel periodo di riferimento. La diminuzione di LP ha interessato aree molto limitate correlate a variazioni delle precipitazioni stagionali e/o delle attività umane. I comuni maggiormente interessati dal declino o dall'aumento di LP vengono identificati allo scopo di individuare le aree ove possibilmente effettuare specifiche attività di monitoraggio e convalida future. We present a remote sensing-based methodology for rapid assessment of status and trends of Land Productivity (LP) at national and sub-national scales. This methodology aims at supporting environmental national and international policies to achieve the Land Degradation Neutrality target in the framework of the UN Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals. The work was performed in Italy using the NASA-MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as proxy indicator of LP status and trend. LP status was identified by mean and standard deviation of 2000-2015 yearly LP values. LP trends of the yearly time series were computed using Mann-Kendall (MK) and Contextual MK (CMK) tests. The amount of land with valid increasing and decreasing trends is estimated assuming the 95% significance level of trends in the areas with good pixel reliability. The area of increasing and decreasing LP are estimated for the national territory and for different land covers. The widespread observed positive LP variations were correlated to the progressive renaturalization of lands subsequent to the decrease of agricultural activities and increasing precipitation trends in the winter season. LP decrease affected very limited areas and hot spots were correlated to changes of seasonal precipitation and human activities. The municipalities most affected by LP decline or increase are identified for future monitoring and validation activities.
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citations | 0 | |
popularity | Average | |
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The present paper reports the results of the application of a control system, based on artificial intelligence concepts, for the automation of a bench-scale SBR treating leachate generated in old landfills. Attention was given to the nitritation and denitritation processes in order to enhance the nitrogen removal efficiency. Nitrification and nitrogen removal were usually higher than 98% and 95%, respectively, whereas COD removal was approximately 20-30% due to the low biodegradability of organic matter in the leachate from old landfills; therefore, external COD was added to accomplish the denitrification process. Adjusting the length of the oxic phase, almost complete inhibition of the nitrite oxidizing organisms was observed. The results confirm the effectiveness of the nitrite route for nitrogen removal optimisation in leachate treatment. A significant saving of approximately 35% in external COD addition was achieved.
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citations | 89 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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handle: 20.500.12079/529
The true magnitude of CO2 emissions from volcanic activity is poorly constrained, limiting our understanding of the natural carbon cycle. CO2-sensitive lidars could be used to measure the distribution of CO2 in a volcanic plume, thereby allowing volcanic CO2 fluxes to be measured directly. The recently-begun ERC research project CO2VOLC aims to produce such an instrument based on the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique. In this paper we investigate the ON and OFF wavelengths which offer optimal CO2 detection and identify the spectral requirements of the lidar transmitter, in the context of commercially available solid-state laser sources.
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citations | 0 | |
popularity | Average | |
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handle: 20.500.12079/2005
The main purpose of this article is to show how geospatial technologies (remote-Sensing and Geographical Information Systems) can answer to scientific interest for urban and territorial analysis and planning, through Bologna's case study. The article discusses especially classification methods which are often used for urban cartography and studies, insisting on methodology and technics comparison. The work presented in this paper has been elaborated for the Master's degree dissertation during an internship at the public Italian agency ENEA's laboratory of Remote-Sensing and GIS. © 2018 Soc. Francaise de Photogrammetrie et de Teledetection.
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Four breeding piggeries and eight growing-fattening piggeries were analyzed to estimate potential environmental impacts of heavy pig production (160kg of live height at slaughtering). Life Cycle Assessment methodology was adopted in the study, considering a system from breeding phase to growing fattening phase. Environmental impacts of breeding phase and growing-fattening phase were accounted separately and then combined to obtain the impacts of heavy pig production. The functional unit was 1kg of live weight gain. Impact categories investigated were global warming (GW), acidification (AC), eutrophication (EU), abiotic depletion (AD), and photochemical ozone formation (PO). The total environmental impact of 1kg of live weight gain was 3.3kg CO2eq, 4.9E-2kg SO2eq, 3.1E-2kg PO4(3-)eq, 3.7E-3kg Sbeq, 1.7E-3kg C2H4eq for GW, AC, EU, AD, and PO respectively. Feed production was the main hotspot in all impact categories. Greenhouse gases responsible for GW were mainly CH4, N2O, and CO2. Ammonia was the most important source of AC, sharing about 90%. Nitrate and NH3 were the main emissions responsible for EU, whereas P and NOx showed minor contributions. Crude oil and natural gas consumption was the main source of AD. A large spectrum of pollutants had a significant impact on PO: they comprised CH4 from manure fermentation, CO2 caused by fossil fuel combustion in agricultural operations and industrial processes, ethane and propene emitted during oil extraction and refining, and hexane used in soybean oil extraction. The farm characteristics that best explained the results were fundamentally connected with performance indicators Farms showed a wide variability of results, meaning that there was wide margin for improving the environmental performance of either breeding or growing-fattening farms. The effectiveness of some mitigation measures was evaluated and the results that could be obtained by their introduction have been presented.
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citations | 25 | |
popularity | Top 10% | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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handle: 11588/753615 , 20.500.12079/53951
Beneficial fungi in the genus Trichoderma are among the most widespread biocontrol agents of plant pathogens. Their role in triggering plant defenses against pathogens has been intensely investigated, while, in contrast, very limited information is available on induced barriers active against insects. The growing experimental evidence on this latter topic looks promising, and paves the way toward the development of Trichoderma strains and/or consortia active against multiple targets. However, the predictability and reproducibility of the effects that these beneficial fungi is still somewhat limited by the lack of an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the specificity of their interaction with different crop varieties, and on how the environmental factors modulate this interaction. To fill this research gap, here we studied the transcriptome changes in tomato plants (cultivar “Dwarf San Marzano”) induced by Trichoderma harzianum (strain T22) colonization and subsequent infestation by the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae. A wide transcriptome reprogramming, related to metabolic processes, regulation of gene expression and defense responses, was induced both by separate experimental treatments, which showed a synergistic interaction when concurrently applied. The most evident expression changes of defense genes were associated with the multitrophic interaction Trichoderma-tomato-aphid. Early and late genes involved in direct defense against insects were induced (i.e., peroxidase, GST, kinases and polyphenol oxidase, miraculin, chitinase), along with indirect defense genes, such as sesquiterpene synthase and geranylgeranyl phosphate synthase. Targeted and untargeted semi-polar metabolome analysis revealed a wide metabolome alteration showing an increased accumulation of isoprenoids in Trichoderma treated plants. The wide array of transcriptomic and metabolomics changes nicely fit with the higher mortality of aphids when feeding on Trichoderma treated plants, herein reported, and with the previously observed attractiveness of these latter toward the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi. Moreover, Trichoderma treated plants showed the over-expression of transcripts coding for several families of defense-related transcription factors (bZIP, MYB, NAC, AP2-ERF, WRKY), suggesting that the fungus contributes to the priming of plant responses against pest insects. Collectively, our data indicate that Trichoderma treatment of tomato plants induces transcriptomic and metabolomic changes, which underpin both direct and indirect defense responses.
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citations | 123 | |
popularity | Top 1% | |
influence | Top 10% | |
impulse | Top 1% |
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handle: 20.500.12079/3115
Agrofood system embraces two closely related components: direct crop production (agriculture) and food industry which includes processing, retailing and products distribution. FAO reports that the agrofood system is one of the world's largest user of fossil energy, with around 20% of the total energy consumption in developed countries, and a 22% of total annual emissions, with the agriculture component as responsible of around 14% of total global GHG emissions. Agrofood system accounts for 17 % of the EU’s gross energy consumption in 2013, equivalent to about 26 % of the EU’s final energy consumption, producing approximately 11% of the EU agrofood GHG emissions. This paper focuses on the opportunities linked with the application of energy management measures complying with the EU 2012 Energy Efficiency Directive (EED), and with the target of the EC to reduce 20% of GHG by 2020. © 2016, SRAC - Societatea Romana Pentru Asigurarea Calitatii. All rights reserved.
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