handle: 11375/14160
In the second half of the nineteenth century the six Ontario suburban communities of Yorkville, New Edinburgh, London West, London East, Parkdale and Brockton were incorporated. In general suburbanites opted for incorporation because their increasingly urban concerns were not being met by the governance of the rural townships of which they were a part. Although the municipal status of these suburbs lasted for varying periods of time, and only overlapped briefly in the early 1880s, they had much in common. All six municipalities attempted to develop as alternatives to the cities they neighboured. Suburbanites and their local governments worked hard to create local identities and, at least for a time, stave off amalgamation with the neighbouring cities, which were increasingly anxious to expand their boundaries. All the while the suburbs were forced to balance the development of infrastructure and the need to keep taxation low in order to keep their communities viable and attractive locations for householders and businesses. The creation and maintenance of expensive infrastructure was often poorly handled, and led to massive expenditures and soaring suburban debts. This fiscal chaos within the suburbs ensured that the amalgamation question would be much debated by both suburb and city. While the ratepayers of each of the suburbs ultimately endorsed amalgamation, they did so only after what were often long and protracted debates. If anything, the struggle over amalgamation illustrated that suburban solvency and responsibility had to be weighed against questions of suburban agency and independence. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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The Iraq Wars and America’s Military Revolution traces changes in the methods of applying force and the means with which the US military has applied that force since the end of the ColdWar.The book traces this progression through the conceptual lens of the so-called Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA), and contemporary RMA debates
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This article presents a historical look at early home care and social work in Charles Town, South Carolina. The article references specific statements and recollections of home care and social work through out the 1700s and 1800s. This history was similar to the national impetus for home care and social work through out the British Colonies during the early 1700s and the United States after the Revolutionary War. Even in the early beginnings, home care was perceived to be a less expensive care delivery option than the hospital setting and care quality within the home care setting reported to be of better quality than the hospital setting.
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Migratory trajectory and oral history of English-speakers in the city of Pau
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The thesis uses the case study of the experience of middle-class northern white women in America during the period 1800-1860 to explore several issues of wider significance. Firstly, the research focuses upon the dynamic relationships between the culturally-constructed categories of public/formal and private/informal power and participation at both the practical and symbolic levels, suggesting ways in which they intersected on the lives of women. Secondly, consideration is given to the validity of the stereotyped view that 'domestic' women were necessarily disadvantaged and dominated relative to those who aspired to public political and economic roles. Thirdly, the relationship of religious belief to these two areas is discussed, in order to discover its relevance to the way in which women both perceived themselves and were perceived by others. In seeking to explore these issues, the research has analysed the patterns of social and cultural change in the era under question, indicating how those changes influenced the perceptions and experiences of both women and men. Their reactions in terms of discourse and activity are located as strategies of negotiation in redefining both social role and participation for the sexes. The rhetoric of 'separate spheres', which was used by men and women to order their mental and physical surroundings, is reduced to its symbolic constituents in order to illustrate that the distinction between male and female arenas was more perceptual than actual. The motivating forces behind the activities and ideas of women themselves are investigated to determine the role of religion in the construction of both female self-images and wider negotiational strategies. The context of nineteenth-century social dynamics has been revealed by detailed analysis of extensive primary sources originated by both women and men for private as well as public consumption. Feminist tools of analysis which enable the conceptualisation of 'meaningful discourse' as including female contributions have further enhanced the specific focus on how women constructed their own world-views and approaches to reality. 'Traditional' approaches and tools are shown to have seriously skewed and misrepresented the reality and variety of both discourse and female experience in the era. Great efforts have been made to allow women to speak in their own words. This has produced an insight into a richness of female social participation and discourse which would otherwise be obscured. The research indicates that women were indeed actors and negotiators during the period. Those women who advocated as primary the duties of women in the domestic and social arenas were by no means setting narrow limitations on female participation in both society and discourse. The religious impulses and eschatological frameworks derived by women (varied as they were) served to order and renegotiate reality and meaning, whilst they produced female roles and influence of great significance. Women were not passive victims of male oppression. Religion can thus be perceived as a positive force which women were able to approach both for its own sake, and for their own particular ends.
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doi: 10.1577/m06-151.1
AbstractIn October 2001, Myxobolus cerebralis, the myxozoan parasite that causes salmonid whirling disease, was detected in juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from a private hatchery that received water from Clear Creek, a tributary of the Clackamas River, Oregon. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife closed the surface water portion of the hatchery in March 2003 and initiated a monitoring program to evaluate the success of the closure in containing further parasite spread. From 2002 to 2005, rainbow trout sentinels were held in live cages for 2 weeks at locations upstream, downstream, and within the area of the facility and then were tested for M. cerebralis infection. Infection prevalence in groups held in the hatchery pond, the outflow, and downstream of the facility was initially high; however, by May 2004 infection was no longer detected in Clear Creek, although the parasite continued to be detected in the hatchery pond. A single rainbow trout collected approximately 18 river kilometers upstream of the facility in 2002 was infected with M. cerebralis. The parasite was not detected in fish collected from other portions of the Clackamas River drainage, indicating that the introduction was limited. Tubifex tubifex, the invertebrate host for the parasite, were abundant in the hatchery ponds, but only a single specimen was identified in the main stem of Clear Creek. Actinospores of M. cerebralis were only detected in the hatchery waters. The monitoring indicated that the parasite had not become widely established in Clear Creek and that partial closure of the hatchery removed the primary source of infection for fish.
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citations | 10 | |
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doi: 10.2307/40035268
What has frequently been termed “contact-period“ archaeology has assumed a prominent role in North American archaeology in the last two decades. This article examines the conceptual foundation of archaeological “culture contact” studies by sharpening the terminological and interpretive distinction between “contact” and “colonialism.” The conflation of these two terms, and thereby realms of historical experience, has proven detrimental to archaeologists’ attempts to understand indigenous and colonial histories. In light of this predicament, the article tackles three problems with treating colonialism as culture contact: (1) emphasizing short-term encounters rather than long-term entanglements, which ignores the process and heterogeneous forms of colonialism and the multifaceted ways that indigenous people experienced them; (2) down-playing the severity of interaction and the radically different levels of political power, which does little to reveal how Native people negotiated complex social terrain but does much to distance “contact” studies from what should be a related research focus in the archaeology of African enslavement and diaspora; and (3) privileging predefined cultural traits over creative or creolized cultural products, which loses sight of the ways that social agents lived their daily lives and that material culture can reveal, as much as hide, the subtleties of cultural change and continuity.
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citations | 254 | |
popularity | Top 1% | |
influence | Top 1% | |
impulse | Top 10% |
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Sir William Osler impacted medical education and the practice of medicine like few other physicians. As a writer, he authored nearly 1500 publications and lent his name to numerous eponyms. As a teacher he educated vast numbers of students and through his legacy impacted countless more. Sir William Osler (Fig. 1) epitomized what a physician should be throughout his professional life.
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The purpose of this study was to document the history of music education at the New York Institution for the Blind (NYIB) from the opening of the school in 1832 through the tenure of the facility’s first music director, Anthony Reiff. Research questions pertained to the school’s origin and operation and to its music curriculum, pedagogy, faculty, ensembles, and resources. The NYIB provided a home and education for students ages eight to twenty-five. The music program served as recreation and vocational training and as a means of promoting the school. Reiff joined the faculty in 1835 and established a band and choir that performed throughout the city and surrounding states. In 1847, the board of managers hired George F. Root as head of vocal music and named Reiff director of the instrumental division. Sigismund Laser replaced Root in 1855 and remained at the NYIB until 1863, when both he and Reiff left the school. The faculty at the NYIB developed and promoted effective methods for teaching music to people with blindness and prepared graduates to serve as church musicians, piano tuners, and music educators. Findings from this study might serve to remind music educators of past pedagogical methods and principles applicable in teaching students who are blind today.
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handle: 11375/14160
In the second half of the nineteenth century the six Ontario suburban communities of Yorkville, New Edinburgh, London West, London East, Parkdale and Brockton were incorporated. In general suburbanites opted for incorporation because their increasingly urban concerns were not being met by the governance of the rural townships of which they were a part. Although the municipal status of these suburbs lasted for varying periods of time, and only overlapped briefly in the early 1880s, they had much in common. All six municipalities attempted to develop as alternatives to the cities they neighboured. Suburbanites and their local governments worked hard to create local identities and, at least for a time, stave off amalgamation with the neighbouring cities, which were increasingly anxious to expand their boundaries. All the while the suburbs were forced to balance the development of infrastructure and the need to keep taxation low in order to keep their communities viable and attractive locations for householders and businesses. The creation and maintenance of expensive infrastructure was often poorly handled, and led to massive expenditures and soaring suburban debts. This fiscal chaos within the suburbs ensured that the amalgamation question would be much debated by both suburb and city. While the ratepayers of each of the suburbs ultimately endorsed amalgamation, they did so only after what were often long and protracted debates. If anything, the struggle over amalgamation illustrated that suburban solvency and responsibility had to be weighed against questions of suburban agency and independence. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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The Iraq Wars and America’s Military Revolution traces changes in the methods of applying force and the means with which the US military has applied that force since the end of the ColdWar.The book traces this progression through the conceptual lens of the so-called Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA), and contemporary RMA debates
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This article presents a historical look at early home care and social work in Charles Town, South Carolina. The article references specific statements and recollections of home care and social work through out the 1700s and 1800s. This history was similar to the national impetus for home care and social work through out the British Colonies during the early 1700s and the United States after the Revolutionary War. Even in the early beginnings, home care was perceived to be a less expensive care delivery option than the hospital setting and care quality within the home care setting reported to be of better quality than the hospital setting.
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influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |