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AbstractThis article contributes to the debate over the whether or not the mainstreaming of Corporate Social Responsibility/Codes of Conduct should be welcomed. It suggests that to grapple with this question requires an engagement with the multiple and necessarily situated performativities (or jursigenerativities) of these codes. The article illustrates the argument through an analysis of two jurisgenerative processes (linked to regulation and to politics) triggered by Codes of Conduct in commercial military markets. It shows that the codes are creatingbotha hybrid regulatory (or constitutional) network that makes it possible to hold firms accountableanda militarization of politics. It does so by showing that the codes create first-, second- and third-order rules but also processes of misrecognition through distraction, distinction and diffusion that empower military professionals. It draws on a study of three cases involving ArmorGroup, a forerunner and advocate of regulation in military markets. This argument makes sense of the disagreements surrounding the virtues of global constitutionalism by highlighting the tensions that become apparent once it is acknowledged that Codes of Conduct are not only performative but are so in multiple ways. It can provide no easy way to dissolve the specific dilemma this multiple jurisgenerativity poses in the context of military markets specifically. But logically flowing from the argument is a suggestion that encouraging and empowering a broader, non-military/security professional involvement in the debate over the regulation of commercial military markets would be the appropriate way of handling it.

This article investigates fashion theoretical perspectives on European and US litigation over Louboutin’s red sole mark. It argues that fashion has logics that make it a special case with respect to intellectual property law.In recent disputes over Louboutin’s red sole mark including cases heard by the Court of Justice of the European Union and the US Second Circuit Court of Appeals a number of assumptions as to how fashions emerge and are disseminated are made. We test these assumptions against current fashion theory. In a fashion theoretical perspective the red sole is a polysemic gesture involving both branding and aesthetic communication through specific design features, which endows the shoe with aesthetic, social and economic value on the high fashion market. Accordingly, Louboutin’s red sole may be said to serve an aesthetic purpose and to work as an indicator of source at the same time.In our view, fashion is a special case in relation to intellectual property law for two reasons in particular: (i) the temporal logic of fashion is different from that of most other products because fashion is change and (ii) fashion has logics where design features are utterly self-referential: for example, one purpose of the red sole is to announce that ‘this is fashion’. Strong protection of fashion stifles both of these logics and is, therefore, not good for the fashion market as a whole.

The article investigates the effects of a terror attack in Copenhagen and the subsequent escalating anti-radicalization business. On February 15, 2015, Omar el-Hussein was shot dead by the Danish police. Earlier that day, Omar el-Hussein had killed two people: a Jewish guard in front of a synagogue and a participant in a cultural event on freedom of speech. A few days later, the government adopted the largest (counter-) terrorism package in the history of Denmark. Although the package was presented as a firm response to the Copenhagen shootings, the legislation primarily targeted ‘Islamic foreign fighters’. Among acquaintances of Omar el-Hussein, the slippage was clearly noticed. Omar el-Hussein had never fought in the Middle East but was known, first and foremost, as a petty criminal who had recently been released from a Danish prison. I argue that a central condition for the change of scale from ‘criminal Danish citizen’ to ‘Islamic foreign fighter’ is aphasia–the occlusion of knowledge surrounding Omar that was consolidated with his death. The empty space of Omar enabled a new political logic that produced new scales of measurement, which, in turn, led to an accelerating anti-radicalization industry that occluded the killing of other Danish Muslim citizens; namely, the victims of a gang war in Danish housing projects. As the anti-radicalization business grew and created an excess of legislation, institutions and policies that targeted violent extremism by Islamic terrorists, it became increasingly difficult to voice and recognise the extreme violence that primarily targeted Danish Muslim citizens.

This paper describes an approach to representing, organising, and accessing conceptual content of biomedical texts using a formal ontology. The ontology is based on UMLS resources supplemented with domain ontologies developed in the project. The approach introduces the notion of ‘generative ontologies', i.e., ontologies providing increasingly specialised concepts reflecting the phrase structure of natural language. Furthermore, we propose a novel so called ontological semantics which maps noun phrases from texts and queries into nodes in the generative ontology. This enables an advanced form of data mining of texts identifying paraphrases and concept relations and measuring distances between key concepts in texts. Thus, the project is distinct in its attempt to provide a formal underpinning of conceptual similarity or relatedness of meaning.

This article explores why Herbert of Bosham (d. ca. 1194) claimed that writing history and expressing emotion were inherently incompatible activities. Focusing on the Historia that Bosham wrote (ca. 1184–ca. 1189) about the life and death of his close friend, Thomas Becket, I begin by situating Bosham’s claim within the wider framework of history-writing’s disavowal of the emotions. I then go on to unpack Bosham’s definition of historia as a literary genre and to explain his understanding of emotional expression, using the frameworks of medieval grammar, rhetoric, and biblical exegesis to do so. While Bosham understood history-writing as a genre policed by strict “laws,” I argue, he understood the emotions as inherently lawless—and thus unable to be contained by the normal rules of discourse. This means that when Bosham periodically abandoned the chronological progression that normative historical writing demanded, he was not just being the poor historian that modern scholarship has often made him out to be. Rather, he was being daringly experimental, quite deliberately using rhetoric’s most emotional techniques (especially amplificatio, apostrophe, and enargaeia) in order to give his Historia a lyrical complexion. I argue here that the Historia’s alternation between lyrical stasis and historiographical progression was both personal and political. On the one hand, it mirrored Bosham’s own alternation between mourning and consolation. On the other, by refusing the demands of narrative progress, the Historia refuses to close the Becket conflict down and to bring it safely to a conclusion.

Recent excavations at the sites of Strandvagen and Kanaljorden in Motala, Eastern Central Sweden, have unearthed complex and varied funerary remains from the Mesolithic. The two sites are situated ...

Business Process models are conceptual representations of work practices. However, a process is more than its model: key information about the rationale of the process is hidden in accompanying documents. We present a framework for business process discovery from process descriptions in texts. We use declarative process models as our target modelling technique. The manual discovery of declarative process models from texts is particularly hard as users have difficulties identifying textual fragments denoting business rules. Our framework combines machine-learning and expert system techniques in order to provide an algorithmic solution to discovery. The combination of the two techniques allows 1) the identification of process components in texts, 2) the enrichment of predictions with semantic information, and 3) the generation of consolidated hybrid models that link text fragments and process elements. Our initial evaluation reports state-of-the-art performance in accuracy against user annotated models, and it has been implemented and adopted by our industrial partner.