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International audience; Purpose of Review We reviewed the occurrence of outbreaks at past Olympics and discuss the threat of the COVID-19 pandemic at the Tokyo Games. Recent Findings Evidence for large respiratory tract infection outbreaks at past Olympics is scant. Nevertheless, in order to control the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak, the Tokyo 2020 Olympics were postponed for 2021. Given the high contagiousness of the disease and the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Japan, this decision was appropriate and important in order to safeguard athletes and the public. However, it is a major problem for Japan, involving massive financial losses and a lost opportunity for athletes, coaches, and instructors. Up-to-date epidemiological data is needed on which to base an appropriate decision regarding the Tokyo 2021 Olympics. The actual effect of cancellations of such events in reducing the spread of COVID-19 needs to be determined.

Abstract This article analyzes the audio diaries of a Tibetan physician, originally from Amdo (Qinghai Province, China), now living in New York City. Dr. Kunchog Tseten describes his experiences during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, in spring and summer 2020, when Queens, New York—the location where he lives and works—was the “epicenter of the epicenter” of the novel coronavirus outbreak in the United States. The collaborative research project of which this diary is a part combines innovative methodological approaches to qualitative, ethnographic study during this era of social distancing with an attunement to the relationship between language, culture, and health care. Dr. Kunchog’s diary and our analysis of its contents illustrate the ways that Tibetan medicine and Tibetan cultural practices, including those emergent from Buddhism, have helped members of the Himalayan and Tibetan communities in New York City navigate this unprecedented moment with care and compassion.

International audience; The articles in this special issue address the role of computing in battling with the COVID-19 pandemic. We are currently dealing with a third wave of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Cases are spiking in most European countries, Canada, and the United States. The number of reported cases has reached 55 million worldwide, and over 1.3 million people have died.

Article paru dans Peer Community in Evolutionary Biology; International audience; A recommendation – based on reviews by Luca Ferretti and two anonymous reviewers – of the article: Danesh, G., Elie, B., Michalakis, Y., Sofonea, M. T., Bal, A., Behillil, S., Destras, G., Boutolleau, D., Burrel, S., Marcelin, A.-G., Plantier, J.-C., Thibault, V., Simon-Loriere, E., van der Werf, S., Lina, B., Josset, L., Enouf, V. and Alizon, S. and the COVID SMIT PSL group (2020) Early phylodynamics analysis of the COVID-19 epidemic in France. medRxiv, 2020.06.03.20119925, ver. 3 peer-reviewed and recommended by PCI Evolutionary Biology. doi: 10.1101/2020.06.03.20119925

International audience; Understanding the replication machinery of viruses contributes to suggest and try effective antiviral strategies. Exhaustive knowledge about the proteins structure, their function, or their interaction is one of the preconditions for successfully modeling it. In this context, modeling methods based on a formal representation with a high semantic expressiveness would be relevant to extract proteins and their nucleotide or amino acid sequences as an element from the replication process. Consequently, our approach relies on the use of semantic technologies to design the SARS-CoV-2 replication machinery. This provides the ability to infer new knowledge related to each step of the virus replication. More specifically, we developed an ontology-based approach enriched with reasoning process of a complete replication machinery process for SARS-CoV-2. We present in this paper a partial overview of our ontology OntoRepliCov to describe one step of this process, namely, the continuous translation or protein synthesis, through classes, properties, axioms, and SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) rules.

In late 2019, an epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 broke out in central China. Within a few months, this new virus had spread right across the globe, officially being classified as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. In France, which was also being affected by the virus, the government applied specific epidemiological management strategies and introduced unprecedented public health measures. This article describes the outbreak management system that was applied within the French military and, more specifically, analyzes an outbreak of COVID-19 that occurred on board a nuclear aircraft carrier. We applied the AcciMap systemic analysis approach to understand the course of events that led to the outbreak and identify the relevant human and organizational failures. Results highlight causal factors at several levels of the outbreak management system. They reveal problems with the benchmarks used for diagnosis and decision-making, and underscore the importance of good communication between different levels. We discuss ways of improving epidemiological management in military context.

We estimate the causal effect of state-mandated business closures on economic and health outcomes in the context of the COVID-19 crisis in the US. We first show that business closures lead to a substantial drop in sales, earnings, and market values for affected firms. We then exploit sectoral variations in exposure to these restrictions across areas within the same state, and show that locking down 10% of the labor force is associated with a significant contraction in employment, but allows to reduce COVID-19 weekly infection and death rates by respectively 0.023 and 0.0015 percentage points. The findings translate into 24,000 saved lives for a cost of $115 billion. Finally, our empirical analysis suggests that the cost per life saved associated to business closures could have been significantly reduced if restrictions had targeted areas with intense workplace interactions

Face à la pandémie du COVID-19, la science de l’information se trouve confrontée à un certain nombre de nouvelles problématiques, liées aux crises d’information, auxquelles elle n’était pas préparée. Qui dit crise mondiale, crise économique, crise énergétique, changement climatique, etc... dit crise d’information, crise caractérisée par une augmentation drastique de la quantité d’informations, par une épidémie d’information i.e. une infodémie et par de nouvelles et nombreuses mauvaises conduites des pratiques informationnelles. La crise sanitaire liée à la pandémie du COVID-19 n’échappe pas à la règle: infodémie de bonnes informations médicales et sanitaires mais aussi infodémie de mauvaises informations, bonnes pratiques informationnelles mais aussi nombreuses inconduites. Habituée au registre de la vérité scientifique, la science de l’information doit affronter le registre de la post-vérité et du complotisme qui semble caractériser nos sociétés actuelles. Information-soupçon, information-dénonciation, information- mensonge, c’est, pour la science de l’information, un nouvel horizon guère réjouissant qu’elle devrait pouvoir maîtriser sans problème en mobilisant son arsenal de concepts, de méthodes, de lois, de modèles et de théories bien établis en conservant et en développant l’horizon réjouissant de l’information-vérité. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, information science is facing a number of new challenges related to information crises for which it was not prepared. Who says global crisis, economic crisis, energy crisis, climate change, etc ... says information crisis, crisis characterized by a drastic increase in the amount of information, by an information epidemic ie an infodemic and by news and numerous misconduct of information practices. The health crisis linked to the COVID-19 pandemic is no exception to the rule: infodemic of good medical and health information but also infodemic of bad information, good informational practices but also numerous misconduct. Accustomed to the register of scientific truth, information science must confront the register of post-truth and conspiracy that seems to characterize our current societies. Information-suspicion, information-denunciation, information-lies, it is, for the science of information, a hardly encouraging new horizon that it should be able to master without problem by mobilizing its arsenal of concepts, methods, laws, of well- established models and theories by preserving and developing the joyous horizon of information-truth.

Covid-19, climate change, flash floods, heat waves, wildfires: the present contribution originates at a moment in history when emergencies and their retinue of emergency measures proliferate, supersede and worsen (less often improve) each other, and when the side effects of one inform and transform our perceptions of the other. Between the environmental consequences of the current disease outbreak, its economic impacts on clean energy transition and the increased frequency of natural disaster...

Author(s): Laffoley, Dan; Baxter, John M; Amon, Diva J; Claudet, Joachim; Hall-Spencer, Jason M; Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten; Levin, Lisa A; Reid, P Chris; Rogers, Alex D; Taylor, Michelle L; Woodall, Lucy C; Andersen, Natalie F