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Merk: Følgende artikkel ble utgitt før tidsskriftet gikk over til åpen digital publisering. Vedlagte PDF er hentet fra trykt utgave, se egen informasjon om opphavsrett på artikkelen. Bakgrunn: Grunnet økende fedme i befolkningen, vil en større andel av pasienter i generell anestesi være pasienter med fedme. Generell anestesi og mekanisk ventilering fører til at omtrent 90 % utvikler atelektaser. Pasienter med fedme får atelektaser tidligere og i større grad enn den normalvektige, dette kan vise seg som redusert gassutveksling og hypoksi peroperativt. Dette øker risikoen for postoperative lungekomplikasjoner. Nyere forskningslitteratur anbefaler bruk av ventileringsstrategiene høyt positivt endeekspiratorisk trykk (PEEP) og lungerekruttering (LR) for å begrense utviklingen av atelektaser hos denne pasientgruppen. Vi vet imidlertid lite om hvordan bruken av disse ventileringsstrategiene er blant anestesisykepleiere i Norge. Hensikt: Å undersøke hvilke aspekter som påvirker anestesisykepleierens bruk av høy PEEP og LR peroperativt til pasienter med fedme i generell anestesi. Metode: Studien har et kvalitativt design. Det ble gjennomført individuelle, semistrukturerte intervju med 15 anestesisykepleiere fra to sykehus. Datamaterialet ble analysert ved hjelp av Graneheim og Lundmans kvalitative innholdsanalyse. Resultat: Studien viser at opplevelse av egen trygghet i yrkesutøvelsen samt kulturelle og organisatoriske forhold påvirker anestesisykepleierens bruk av høy PEEP og LR. Anestesisykepleierne har varierende mengdetrening i bruk av høy PEEP og LR. Andre og mer kjente strategier prioriteres ofte først hos de med lite mengdetrening. Samarbeidet med legene synes å være bra og i liten grad en hemmende faktor. Alle informantene mener bruk av høy PEEP og LR er en oppgave for anestesisykepleier hos pasienter klassifisert i ASA 1 eller ASA 2, men peker på at det mangler fagprosedyre/retningslinje knyttet til anvendelse av høy PEEP og LR. Konklusjon: Studien viser at både individuelle, kulturelle og organisatoriske aspekter påvirker anestesisykepleiernes bruk av høy PEEP og LR hos pasienter med fedme i generell anestesi. Alt tatt i betraktning kan det å sette ventileringsstrategiene på dagsorden føre til en økt bevissthet om bruken som igjen kan føre til utvidet bruk av ventileringsstrategiene.

Objective To assess the association between use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and risk of serious renal events in data from routine clinical practice. Design Cohort study using an active comparator, new user design and nationwide register data. Setting Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, 2013-18. Participants Cohort of 29 887 new users of SGLT2 inhibitors (follow-up time: dapagliflozin 66.1%; empagliflozin 32.6%; canagliflozin 1.3%) and 29 887 new users of an active comparator, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, matched 1:1 on the basis of a propensity score with 57 variables. Mean follow-up time was 1.7 (SD 1.0) years. Exposures SGLT2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, defined by filled prescriptions and analysed according to intention to treat. Main outcome measures The main outcome was serious renal events, a composite including renal replacement therapy, death from renal causes, and hospital admission for renal events. Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the main outcome. Results The mean age of the study population was 61.3 (SD 10.5) years; 11 108 (19%) had cardiovascular disease, and 1974 (3%) had chronic kidney disease. Use of SGLT2 inhibitors, compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, was associated with a reduced risk of serious renal events (2.6 events per 1000 person years versus 6.2 events per 1000 person years; hazard ratio 0.42 (95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.53); absolute difference-3.6 (-4.4 to-2.8) events per 1000 person years). In secondary outcome analyses, the hazard ratio for use of SGLT2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors was 0.32 (0.22 to 0.47) for renal replacement therapy, 0.41 (0.32 to 0.52) for hospital admission for renal events, and 0.77 (0.26 to 2.23) for death from renal causes. In sensitivity analyses in each of the Swedish and Danish parts of the cohort, the model was further adjusted for glycated haemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate (Sweden and Denmark) and for blood pressure, body mass index, and smoking (Sweden only); in these analyses, the hazard ratio moved from 0.41 (0.26 to 0.66) to 0.50 (0.31 to 0.81) in Sweden and from 0.42 (0.32 to 0.56) to 0.55 (0.41 to 0.74) in Denmark. Conclusions In this analysis using nationwide data from three countries, use of SGLT2 inhibitors, compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, was associated with a significantly reduced risk of serious renal events.

Light hydrocarbons and hydrogen can replace high-alkane fuels with the benefit of reduced CO2 emissions. Their liquefaction to a cryogenic state is one of the most suitable solutions for storage and transport. An unexpected release of these fuels might lead to a rapid phase transition (RPT). RPT is a physical explosion well-known for liquefied natural gas (LNG), and may occur when this substance is spilled onto water. The heat provided by the water to the cryogenic fuel might lead to a sudden evaporation of the liquid, resulting in an explosion. The generated blast wave has the potential to damage equipment and personnel. The RPT phenomenon can also occur in different types of industrial applications when molten metals accidentally come in contact with water. In these cases, the water is the cold fluid which expands violently. In this study, the RPT phenomenon is investigated for cryogenic fluids (liquefied hydrocarbons, nitrogen and hydrogen) as well as for smelts (molten inorganic salts) and molten metals (aluminum). The contribution has a twofold purpose as it addresses relevant past accidents and lay the foundation for future modelling activities to simulate the cryogenic-pool formation on water, triggering of an RPT event and the RPT explosion consequences. Furthermore, the RPT theories and mechanisms comprehension is critical to qualitatively evaluate the probability for a liquid hydrogen (LH2) RPT. In particular, a comparison between liquid nitrogen (LN2) and LH2 is conducted to understand under which conditions an LH2 RPT might occur. The results of this study are to be validated through the Safe Hydrogen Fuel Handling and Use for Efficient Implementation (SH2IFT) project, in which a series of LH2 spill tests onto water will be conducted. This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Our policy is to permit Authors to reuse part of their CET articles or to self-archive the published version of their work in Institutional Repository, provided that AIDIC/CET is acknowledged as the source. The version to be used is the Publisher’s PDF. No embargo period is required.

In this Research Full Paper we look at IT students' experiences from collaborative project-based courses at two Norwegian universities through the lens of "Curtin graduate attributes". Many universities use lists of graduate attributes, sometimes referred to as competencies, generic skills, or capabilities that graduates should acquire during their studies. For the time being, these two Norwegian higher education institutions have not implemented graduate attributes into their curricula, though there are several ongoing initiatives that promote students' employability and development of professional competencies. Through interviews, observations, and thematic analysis with overtones of grounded theory, we aim to identify Norwegian IT students' perceptions of professional competencies acquired at project-based learning courses. The findings are analysed through the use of the identity and employability frameworks, taking into consideration the cultural context. This paper answers two research questions: 1) What professional competencies do students acquire in project-based learning settings? 2) How do project-based learning courses support the development of employability and identity? We have identified that putting more emphasis on graduate attributes can help to legitimise diverse ways of participation in the computing discipline and at the same time broaden its identity. © 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.

This document examines the shifts in catch-at-length proportions for the Tristan group rock lobster fisheries.

Deltakelse er en universell rettighet for alle barn og unge. Både sosialt arbeid og deltakerbasert forskning har deltakelse som kjerneverdi. Vi har imidlertid begrenset kunnskap om hvordan barn og unge med fluktbakgrunn opplever å delta i deltakerbasert forskning. Denne artikkelens utgangspunkt er en kvalitativ studie som involverte unge, enslige flyktninger i utforskningen av problemstillinger knyttet til psykososial helse og deltakelse, hvor forskningsdesignet inkluderte deltakerbasert metodikk. Artikkelen belyser ungdommenes perspektiver på deltakerbasert forskning. Studiens funn viser at det å ta del i sosiale opplevelser, bli lyttet til, dele erfaringer og lære av hverandre bidro til at deltakelsen ble opplevd som verdifull. Samtidig kom deltakerne inn på utfordringer knyttet kommunikasjon, sensitive tema, deltakelse i beslutningstaking og maktesløshet. Participation is a universal right for children and young people, and social work and participatory research share participation as a core value. However, we have limited knowledge of how children and young people with refugee backgrounds experience participating in this research. The point of departure of this article is a qualitative study involving young, unaccompanied refugees, addressing the issues of psychosocial health and participation. The research design included participatory methods. The article highlights the perspectives of young, unaccompanied refugees on participatory research. Findings indicate that participating in enjoyable experiences, being listened to, sharing experiences, and learning from each other contributed to making participation valuable. At the same time, participants addressed challenges related to communication, sensitive topics, participation in decision-making and powerlessness.

Students’ feedback is an effective mechanism that provides valuable insights about teachinglearning process. Handling opinions of students expressed in reviews is a quite labour-intensive and tedious task as it is typically performed manually by the human intervention. While this task may be viable for small-scale courses that involve just a few students’ feedback, it is unpractical for large-scale cases as it applies to online courses in general, and MOOCs, in particular. Therefore, to address this issue, we propose in this paper a framework to automatically analyzing opinions of students expressed in reviews. Specifically, the framework relies on aspect-level sentiment analysis and aims to automatically identify sentiment or opinion polarity expressed towards a given aspect related to the MOOC. The proposed framework takes advantage of weakly supervised annotation of MOOC-related aspects and propagates the weak supervision signal to effectively identify the aspect categories discussed in the unlabeled students’ reviews. Consequently, it significantly reduces the need for manually annotated data which is the main bottleneck for all deep learning techniques. A large-scale real-world education dataset containing around 105k students’ reviews collected from Coursera and a dataset comprising of 5989 students’ feedback in traditional classroom settings are used to perform experiments. The experimental results indicate that our proposed framework attains inspiring performance with respect to both the aspect category identification and the aspect sentiment classification. Moreover, the results suggest that the framework leads to more accurate results than the expensive and labour-intensive sentiment analysis techniques relying heavily on manually labelled data.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3000739