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International audience; transHumUs is an artistic work recently exhibited at the 56th Venice Biennale. The work aims at freeing trees from their roots. How to translate this poetic ambition into technological terms? This paper reports on the setup and the implementation of the project. It shows how state of the art mobile robotics technology can contribute to contemporary art development. The challenge has been to design original mobile platforms carrying charges of three tones, while moving noiseless according to tree metabolism, in operational spaces populated by visitors.

Les niveaux néolithiques de l'abri-sous-roche de la Grande Rivoire sont formés d'une multitude de lentilles sédimentaires de couleurs très contrastées. Les analyses sédimentologiques montrent que les fractions fines, essentiellement limoneuses et assez fortement carbonatées, ont deux origines principales : d'une part, une importante accumulation d'excréments due au parcage maintes fois renouvelé de troupeaux d'herbivores (présence de sphérolites de calcite, fortes teneurs en matière organique, valeurs élevées en phosphates) et, d'autre part, une forte production de cendres due à des feux de bois allumés par les hommes directement sur les « fumiers » ou dans des foyers peu éloignés. Les ossements d'animaux découverts dans ces niveaux montrent, parmi les espèces domestiques, une nette prédominance des caprinés (chèvres/moutons) sur le bœuf et le porc. Les analyses archéobotaniques suggèrent pour leur part un apport intentionnel de ligneux, sous forme de branchettes feuillées et parfois fleuries. En relation avec la présence de caprinés, on peut penser à du fourrage et/ou de la litière d'arbre.Les niveaux protohistoriques se différencient nettement de ceux du Néolithique par la disparition des horizons cendreux et par une présence plus manifeste de composants naturels détritiques. Toutefois, l'analyse en lames minces des fractions fines montre que les sphérolites de calcite et les phytolithes sont encore bien présents. Cela indique que le parcage du bétail sous l'abri était encore pratiqué durant ces périodes. The neolithic levels of the rock-shelter "La Grande Rivoire" are composed of a multitude of sedimentary layers of very contrasting colours.Sedimentological analyses show that the fine fractions, mainly silty and rather strongly carbonated, have two main origins: on the one hand, an important accumulation of herbivores faeces due to the repeated penning of flocks (presence of calcite spheruliths, high concentrations of organic matter, high rate of phosphate), on the other hand, a large production of ashes from fire kindled directly on the dung or in nearby hearths. Animal bones of domestic species found in these dung levels show a large predominancy of goat/sheep over ox and pig. Archaeobotanical studies suggest a fodder/litter supply based on leafy and flowering tree branches.The protohistoric levels are different from the neolithic ones: ashy layers are missing whereas natural detritic components are better represented. Nevertheless, the analysis of thin sections from these levels shows the lasting presence of spheruliths and phytoliths. This indicates that stabling was during the Bronze and Iron Ages still practiced in the rock-shelter.

International audience; This paper describes the workflow of the Grammateus project, from gathering data on Greek documentary papyri to the creation of a web application. The first stage is the selection of a corpus and the choice of metadata to record: papyrology specialists gather data from printed editions, existing online resources and digital facsimiles. In the next step, this data is transformed into the EpiDoc standard of XML TEI encoding, to facilitate its reuse by others, and processed for HTML display. We also reuse existing text transcriptions available on . Since these transcriptions may be regularly updated by the scholarly community, we aim to access them dynamically. Although the transcriptions follow the EpiDoc guidelines, the wide diversity of the papyri as well as small inconsistencies in encoding make data reuse challenging. Currently, our data is available on an institutional GitLab repository, and we will archive our final dataset according to the FAIR principles.

In the field of global history, especially when it comes to « histoire croisée », the use of metaphors describing the vertical organization of a society, its structuration into layers or into overlapping systems, is common. The temptation to use a second metaphor, calling everything a “network”, is also very important in this domain, whose objects of study are often transnational organizations with multiple branches, intertwined within umbrella organizations, sharing board members and including several levels of secretariats and subcommittees (Grandjean 2017). However, the use of these images is not limited to historical studies, since we use the same vocabulary in other disciplines to describe social situations or textual structures. When we go beyond the metaphor to develop a formal analysis, we often produce multigraphs who, because they simultaneously express horizontal and vertical relationships, are generally unsuitable for the analysis (and visualisation, except in very simple cases). If the “exploratory” dimension of social network analysis – and especially the fact that its display is relatively subjective – is often a subject of criticism, we propose here to play with the visual representation to show precisely how an original modelling can improve the reading of complex graphs, and helping to restore a “morphological” (Moretti 1999, 68) information where disorder seems to prevail. Based on two examples from archives mapping and theatre character networks, this paper proposes a reflection on the different ways to take account of verticality in graphs. In particular, we are developing a way to impose a macro-structure to a network, allowing a two-dimensions view that reflects the hierarchical affiliations of its components. We will see that this method, by constructing a stable visual representation in time and space, helps to compare different types of relationships and/or different time states of the graph.

International audience; The aim of this paper is to present a tool developed in order to generate French rhythmical structure semi-automatically, without taking grammatical cues into account. On the basis of a phonemic alignment, the software first locates prominent syllables by considering basic acoustic features such as F0, duration and silent pause. It then assigns a degree of prominence to each syllable identified. The estimation of this degree results from a computation of the values of silent pause, relative duration and height averages used for prominence detection in the first step. The second part of the article presents an experiment conducted in order to validate the algorithm's performances, by comparing the predictions of the software with a continuous manual coding carried out by four annotators on a 4-minute stretch of corpus (788 syllables) involving read aloud speech, map task and spontaneous dialogue. The performance of the algorithm is encouraging: a Fleiss' kappa calculation estimates the rate at 0.8, and a correlation agreement calculation at 91%, in the best cases. Index Terms: prominence, automatic detection, degree of prominence, prosodic structure, French.

The pigment Prussian blue is studied in heritage science because of its capricious fading behavior under light exposure. We show here that XANES can be used to study the photosensitivity of Prussian blue heritage materials despite X-ray radiation damage. We used an original approach based on X-ray photochemistry to investigate in depth the redox process of Prussian blue when it is associated with a cellulosic substrate, as in cyanotypes and watercolors. By modifying cation and proton contents of the paper substrate, we could tune both rate and extent of Prussian blue reduction. These results demonstrate that the photoreduction and fading of Prussian blue is principally mediated by the substrate and its interaction with the oxygen of the environment.

International audience; We here describe the Rhapsodie resource, a syntactic and prosodic treebank of spoken French, composed of 57 short samples of spoken French (5 minutes long on average, amounting to 3 hours of speech and 33000 words), and an orthographic transcription. The transcription and the annotations are all aligned on the speech signal : phonemes, syllables, words, speakers, overlaps. The main objective of the Rhapsodie project is to define rich, explicit, and reproducible schemes for the annotation of prosody and syntax in different genres (± spontaneous, ± planned, face-to-face interviews vs. broadcast, etc.), in order to study the prosody/syntax/discourse interface in spoken French, and their roles in the segmentation of speech into discourse units. This resource is freely available at www.projet-rhapsodie.fr. The sound samples (wav/mp3), the acoustic analysis (original F0 curve manually corrected and automatic stylized F0, pitch format), the orthographic transcriptions (txt), the macrosyntactic annotations (txt), the prosodic annotations (xml, textgrid), and the metadata (xml and html) can be freely downloaded under the terms of the Creative Commons licence Attribution - Noncommercial - Share Alike 3.0 France. The metadata are encoded in the IMDI-CMFI format and can be parsed on line.

In Paleolithic settlement models for Africa, West Africa has been neglected, if not entirely ignored, due to an obvious lack of research in the region but also of the availability of reliable and precise chronostratigraphic data. However, since 1997 research conducted at Ounjougou (Mali) has significantly updated our view of the West African Middle Stone Age with the establishment of the first archaeological and chronostratigraphic sequence and use of a comprehensive geomorphological approach. This site complex has provided most of the data for MIS 5 to 3, but in order to document MIS 2, one must turn to the Falémé Valley (Senegal), where data is now available from research conducted since 2011. Complemented with other scattered data from West Africa, it is now possible to propose a nearly continuous techno-cultural history for the Upper Pleistocene, supplemented by substantive evidence from the Early Holocene. We can now demonstrate significant diversity in lithic production systems, the probable times of their appearance and disappearance, and their very rapid rate of change. The Middle Stone Age in West Africa thus reflects a unique techno-cultural mosaic and technological history, very different from that observed in the Sahara and North Africa.