The Roman emperor Caligula issued the same type of quadrans throughout his reign, where the obverse depicted a pileus, a type of cap given to former slaves upon their manumission, and the reverse the letters RCC. Eckhel suggested that the obverse referred to the restora...

The work of the British Mint is done gratuitously; the expense of coining gold into sovereigns is borne, not by the merchant or banker, or other person who sends the gold to the mint, but by the payers of taxes. It is difficult to see the justice of this. No doubt it is...

Julius Caesar's second issue of coinage in 48BC during his civil-war with Pompey consisted of an aureus, three slightly different varieties of denarius, and a quinarius, all displaying the same basic reverse-type, the legend CAESAR across a trophy. As for the obverse, t...

It is argued that Constantine concealed the Latin symbol for a thousand within a depiction of two apparent wreaths on the reverse of a type of solidus struck in 325/26, and that he did so in order to allude to the one-thousand year reign of the resurrected martyrs with ...

This paper publishes two new examples of the use of the eagle countermark on folles struck before the reform of 539, and offers a new explanation for the use of this countermark: that it was used by Nicetas, the cousin of the future emperor Heraclius, as his forces adva...

I HAVE just obtained from the Chatham Islands a nearly perfect sub-fossil skull of an extinct Ocydromine rail, closely resembling the Mauritian Aphanapteryx, five and quarter inches long, beak arched, slender, very pointed, for which I propose the specific name Hawkinsi...

Embarking on a research project is always exciting, although a large number are not completed. One study of pharmacotherapy projects submitted to a research ethics committee found that after 5 years more than a quarter had not been completed and almost a sixth were cons...

Abstract Rationale: Foreign body (FB) aspiration in adults is occasionally encountered. The aspiration and impaction of a coin in the lower respiratory tract is an unusual accident. This report presents 2 rare adult cases of FB aspiration with coin impaction in larynx a...