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This research is motivated by the phenomenon of subordination from male authors towards women. Male authors only describe women's self-identity based on their point of view, while female authors can reveal everything based on their experiences. This research aims to describe the forms of women's self-identity in their appearance in the novel “Bilangan Fu” by Ayu Utami in gynocritical studies and is associated with its implications in character education. Data collection techniques are carried out using documentation techniques, reading, understanding, and classifying the entire novel that supports gynocritical analysis and character education values. Based on the findings and analysis in the novel “Bilangan Fu” by Ayu Utami regarding the forms of women's self-identity in their appearance. Body appearance has implications for the value of tolerance character education; patriarchal resistance has implications for democratic character education values; gender protests have implications for the value of attitude and behavior character education; and sexuality has implications for the value of honesty character education.

This study aims to describe the structure of turn-taking used by students and students, as well as classroom activities, with the application of a student-centered approach. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The data sources in this study are two voice recordings of students' and students' speeches in the Teaching Campus activities of the 3rd batch of placements at SD Negeri Dolopo 2 Madiun Regency. The data collection technique used in this research is the listening-recording technique. The results showed that, first, in the learning process of students and students, there were four structures of turn-taking exchange, including; (1) direct management speech, (2) indirect management speech, (3) direct discipline requests, and (4) verbal reactions. Second, this study found active learning activities using a student-centered approach. The active learning activities are; (1) the teacher divides the students into several small groups, (2) the teacher gives topics that each group will discuss, (3) in groups, students discuss the topics that have been given, and (4) students present the results of group discussions.

This study aims to describe affixation errors in the October 2022 edition of the Instagram @infojember social media caption. Qualitative research is the type of this research that uses a descriptive approach. The October 2022 edition of Instagram @infojember social media is the research data source. The data was used in the form of affixation errors that exist in the October 2022 edition of the @infojember caption. The reading and note-taking techniques were used in this research, namely by reading each caption critically; then, if it saw symptoms of affixation errors, it was recorded and grouped according to the indicators that had been made previously. The data analysis techniques by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The study's results found that there are still affixation errors in the October 2022 edition of Instagram @infojember social media, namely 15 errors, with details of 7 errors in prefix errors, 3 errors in suffix errors, and 5 errors in confix errors. The data found have the same types of errors, namely in the form of prefix omission, suffix omission, and confix omission.

This study aims to describe 21st-century skills in Indonesian language teaching modules for class X semester I of the independent curriculum created by educators at SMK Negeri 3 Pekanbaru. It is important because educators must develop independent curriculum teaching modules that integrate with 21st-century skills to prepare students to face the 21st-century era through a learning process that has been designed. This study used a qualitative approach with content analysis methods. Content analysis was conducted to find data on 21st-century skills in the Indonesian language teaching module document for the independence curriculum. Data collection techniques using documentation. The research data is in the form of learning activities and practice questions in the Indonesian language teaching module document, the independent curriculum. Data were analyzed using content analysis techniques consisting of three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results obtained in this research are century skill consisting of critical thinking skill found 45 times at 35.1%, communication found 63 at 49.2%, collaboration found 13 at 10.1%, creative and innovative found 7 at 5.4%, which is included in the Indonesian language teaching module class X independent curriculum at SMK Negeri 3 Pekanbaru.

This research contains an analysis of the "Seandainya Aku Boleh Memilih" novel by Mira W, which tells of various aspects of life in a civilized environment. In the novel, there are various social problems, so it is fulfilled to research social deviations. Structural functionalism's theory of social deviance sees deviant behavior as a result of social structural pressures. The focus of this research is to describe the manifestations of social deviance behavior and the factors that cause these social deviations, which are constructed in the "Seandainya Aku Boleh Memilih" novel by Mira W. It includes the type of literature research with a qualitative descriptive approach based on the study of the sociology of literature. Data was collected through reading and note-taking techniques which produced data in the form of dialogue or monologue and narration from the data source of the novel entitled "Seandainya Aku Boleh Memilih" by Mira W. This research succeeded in deciphering the types of social deviance from the novel, namely sexual deviance, crime, and lifestyle deviance. While the factors that cause these social deviations are the inability to absorb cultural norms and deviant learning processes.

This study aims to describe the form of language disorders in morphological and syntactic aspects in dyslexic patients aged 13 years. This research is qualitative descriptive research. The subject of this research is a 13-year-old dyslexic with the initials SR, a junior high school student. Data collection techniques with test techniques with written tests to the subject, including a random sentence compilation test and a picture-telling test. The first test amounted to 10 items whose sentence content adjusted Indonesian language learning at the subject's school level. The results of this study show that two aspects of language are disrupted in dyslexic children, namely morphological and syntactic aspects. Morphological aspects include letter addition, letter removal, letter writing errors, letter replacement, letter placement in reverse, removal-replacement, and removal-addition. One of the effects of dyslexia on morphological ability is that SR cannot write words well. On the other hand, syntactic aspect errors include function structure in compound sentences, imperative sentence structure errors, structure errors in procedure sentences, and omission of predicates. From the errors made by SR, it can be proven that SR tends to reverse the sentence structure due to the difficulty in stringing words together.

This research was carried out with the aim of producing "Janaka," an android application on anecdotal writing material in the vocational school. The method used in this research is ADDIE which consists of five stages analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This research produces an android application for learning to write anecdotes. The resulting media product has an apk format (android application package) which is a program package that can be run on smartphones with the android operating system that has gone through a series of validations with 87.5% scores from material experts and 74.4% scores from media experts and a trial with the use response value of 81.43% of students and 77.3% of teachers. The material for writing anecdotal texts is divided into three parts: simple research as anecdotal writing materials, writing anecdotes based on facts and data, and turning anecdotes into comic strips. Meanwhile, the media product component as an exercise in writing anecdotal text is divided into an interactive quiz component, an image component, a text and video component for learning materials, and a task collection platform component.

This research is based on the phenomenon of language development. This development results in language changes both in terms of words and meanings. This study aims to explain Indonesian nouns that experience meaning expansion in novels and explain the factors that cause the expansion of the meaning of Indonesian nouns in novels. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The data source of this research is novels from several authors, namely "Bilangan Fu" by Ayu Utami, "Ayah dan Laskar Pelangi" by Andrea Hirata, "Sedang Tuhan pun Cemburu" by Emha Ainun Nadjib, "Ranah 3 Warna" by A. Fuadi, "Yang Fana adalah Waktu" by Sapardi Djoko Damono, "Laut Bercerita" by Leila S. Chudori, "Autumn in Paris" by Ilana Tan, "Cantik itu Luka" by Eka Kurniawan, and "Supernova" by Dea Lestari. This research results in the discovery of 15 basic nouns and 12 derivative nouns that experience the expansion of meaning in Indonesian. Meanwhile, the factors that cause the expansion of meaning are the development of science and technology, socio-cultural development, differences in the field of use, association, and term development.

Teaching and learning drama in junior high schools is very important in increasing students' appreciation of literature and instilling character values. However, the Covid-19 pandemic has had an adverse impact on the implementation of drama learning in schools. This qualitative research describes teachers' learning tools during the Covid-19 pandemic, the implementation of drama learning, and the obstacles teachers face in implementing drama learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The subjects of this research were junior high school Indonesian teachers in Singaraja City, Bali. Data was collected through documentation study techniques, interviews, and observation. The results showed that the drama learning tools made by Indonesian language teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic were complete and reflected the 21st-century learning tools. The implementation of drama learning was carried out online by utilizing the Google platform and other online media. The obstacle faced by teachers is the internet network which is often interrupted. The results of this study are very useful, especially as a learning strategy during times of crisis or implementing online language and literature learning.

This study aims to identify the modality and proposition in the movie "Kena: Bridge of Spirit" using Charles J. Fillmore's case grammar theory. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The object of this research is the movie "Kena: Bridge of Spirit" directed by Hunter Schmidt. The data collection techniques used are listening and note-taking methods. Data analysis in this study went through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The data validation techniques used are to increase persistence and triangulation. The results of the research on the movie "Kena: Bridge of Spirit" based on Fillmore's case grammar theory consists of four modalities (tense, negation, mode, and aspect) and ten propositions (agent, experience, place, instrument, time, objective, purpose, accompaniment, source, and benefactive).

This study aimed at describing the characteristics and differences in the Mandarin vowel sounds. This study involved a Chinese lecturer and two students of Mandarin Language Education FKIP Untan as research samples. The research data was in forms of Mandarin vocabulary which contains a single vowel. The PRAAT application was used to calculate the time, frequency, and intensity of the research object when uttering single vowel words. This study used experimental phonetics as a research method and presented the data in forms of tables and spectrogram images. The data retrieval method is through the PRAAT program with audio files (MP3). The study results show that pronunciation of a single vowel sound /o/ with the longest duration value from students and native speakers. The highest pitch value for native speakers is 315 Hz in single vowel /i/ and the highest pitch value for students when pronouncing words with single vowel /o/, with a voice frequency of 279.5 Hz. The highest native intensity value is for single vowel /ε/ with a value of 79.92 dB, single vowel /o/ is 79.96 dB for student speakers. The influence of tone errors is one factor that affects the resulting duration, pitch, and intensity values.

This research aims to find out the influence of (1) self-confidence; (2) learning interest; (3) parental support; and (4) self-confidence, learning interests, and parental support; on negotiation speaking ability. The method used in this study is ex post facto. The sample used amounted to 204 students from the student population of class X SMAN 10 Samarinda. The analysis techniques in this study used regression models. The following research results were obtained based on the data analysis results. First, there is an influence between self-confidence in the ability to speak on the material of the student's negotiation text based on Sig grades. 0.000. Second, there is no influence between learning interests and the ability to speak on the student's negotiation text material based on Sig grades. 0.136. Third, there is an influence between parental support on the ability to speak on the material of the student's negotiation text based on Sig grades. 0.007. Fourth, there is an influence between self-confidence, learning interests, and parental support on the ability to speak on the material of the student's negotiation text based on Sig grades. 0.001, each with a test significance level of 5% (α=0.05).

This study aimed to determine the effect of the flipped classroom model and learning motivation on the activity proposal writing skills of class XI high school students. The research was conducted at the UNP Laboratory Development High School with a total sample of 57 students, 27 students from the experimental class and 30 students from the control class. This type of research is quantitative research with experimental methods. The experimental design used is factorial design. The population of this study was class XI students at the UNP Laboratory Development High School who were enrolled in the 2022/2023 academic year. The research sample consisted of two classes: class XI IIS 3 and class XI IIS 4. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sample technique. The research instruments were performance tests and questionnaires. Based on research, the flipped classroom model has a significant effect on students' activity proposal writing skills, both for students who have high learning motivation and students who have low learning motivation. In addition, there is no influence between learning motivation and the flipped classroom model.

Japanese epistemic modality can be expressed through by linguistic markers, such as adverb markers indicate the gradient or level of the speaker’s assumptions about a specific phenomenon. This study aims to investigate the epistemic modality of Japanese -hazu da and its Indonesian equivalent. This study utilized descriptive and qualitative methods, and data were obtained from various novels and Shonagon corpus. The findings of the present study are the adverbs and grammatical components that appear with modal auxiliary verbs, resulting in different epistemic gradations, notably uncertainty in the lowest rank, expectation/reasonable prediction, agreement/consent, disaffirmation, and strong negation, as well as strong affirmation in the highest rank. The Indonesia equivalent derived from this modality are ‘mungkin’, ‘tentunya’, ‘pastinya’, ‘kalau tidak salah’, and ‘mana mungkin’. The speaker’s logical reasoning and assumption supported by the contextual aspect and grammatical items in sentences.

Product differentiation is learning based on multiple approaches to assignments given to students. It gives students the freedom to develop the understanding and competencies they are interested in. The existence of different learning tools in the Merdeka curriculum is the goal of achieving understanding and developing competence. This study focuses on describing the concept of differentiation learning to accommodate differences in student learning styles and describes product differentiation innovations on ‘alih wahana’ learning of observation report text. This study used a qualitative approach and a literature review design. The data are in quotations, theories, and paradigms describing the studied problems. Data was collected using reading and note-taking techniques and processed using analytical techniques in the form of (a) data presentation; (b) data reduction; (c) data interpretation; and (d) conclusion. The results of this study are, first, learning differentiation as a learning strategy. This strategy targets a variety of student learning styles through content, processes, and products according to characteristics to achieve goals. Second, product differentiation can be designed using the ‘alih wahana’ method in observation reports text material in the form of informative video media, infographics, and scrapbooks.

The Malay-Tolitoli (BMTLI) language is unique, especially in the field of morphology. This study aims to determine the prefix and its application in Malay-Tolitoli (BMTLI). This research was conducted using a generative morphology study with a model developed by Halle, namely the IP model (Item and Process), with data derived from interviews and observations of native speakers. The results of this study indicate that in the Malay-Tolitoli (BMTLI) language, there is a derivation process in the use of the prefix "Ba-" where there is a change in word class that changes the noun into a verb, and adjectives become verbs. However, the derivation process does not occur between verbs and verbs. This study also shows that the prefix "ba-" is always followed by a derivative verb. The prefix "ta-" in Malay-Tolitoli (BMTLI) is always followed by a verb used to indicate passive sentences without changing the word class, and the use of the prefix "mo-" is always followed by a transitive verb, and the prefix "moba-" is always followed by an intransitive verb in its use without changing the word class. These two prefixes only show the meaning "ingin" (want).

The use of the terminology of Islam Literature and Islamic Literature by literary academics and readers in Indonesia is still confusing. It is inseparable from the development of Islam in Indonesia after the New Order. At that time, publishers had a unilateral claim that their work was the work of Islam literature or Islamic literature. Based on that, this study aims to find the definition and characteristics of the terminology of Islam Literature and Islamic Literature. This study uses the dialectical method, which is a method that contrasts several different views on a problem, in this case, the definition of Islam Literature and Islamic Literature. To collect data, this study uses a literature study of experts' opinions, literary observers, data on literary works, and the development of Indonesian literature. The results of the discussion show that Islam literature refers to all literary works that are strictly based on the text of the holy book and hadith; while Islamic literature can be more fluid than Islamic literature, it does not have to be based on scriptures and hadith, but the values ​​contained in it must be still based on Islamic teachings.

Writing poetry is a person's creative activity in expressing ideas, feelings, and thoughts in written form with a figurative meaning. Poetry writing activities are included in the competence of learning Indonesian. However, a few SMA Negeri 3 Malang students are interested in writing poetry, especially in class X. In addition, the method of writing poetry taught by the teacher is less innovative, so students are less interested. Based on these problems, this study aims to develop a method of writing poetry "Atafora" technique or "Aku Metafora", by combining students' sensory experiences with metaphorical figures of speech. The method used to study is Research & Development (R&D), with validation carried out by experts, practitioners, and limited users. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 3 Malang. The study's results prove that the "Atafora" technique of writing poetry is considered valid, with a validation score of 80% by poetry experts, 95% by practitioners, and 90% by users. The overall average percentage is 88.33%. Through the development of this method of writing poetry, it is hoped that the interest and ability to write poetry of the students of SMA Negeri 3 Malang will increase.