Background It is difficult to diagnose patients with poisoning and determine the causative agent in the emergency room. Usually, the diagnosis of such patients is based on their medical history and physical examination findings. We aimed to confirm clinical diagnoses us...

In a previous chapter, how best to measure symptoms was discussed, the desirable properties of a psychometrically valid symptom assessment tool were listed, available symptom assessment tools were reviewed, methods to assist in the interpretation of patient-reported out...

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), also referred to as external challenge-induced multiple organ injury, is characterized by dysfunction of two or more organs during infection or following shock or trauma. The pathogenesis of MODS is multifactorial and involves...

We present a unique case of atraumatic rhabdomyolysis and four-limb compartment syndrome. Edema and inflammation associated with rhabdomyolysis, was further exacerbated by aggressive saline resuscitation. This resulted in raised compartment pressures and necessitated fo...

Objectives: There has been a rapid increase in respiratory infections due to COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, which is believed to have originated from Wuhan in China. The disease has taken a form of pandemic and is now present in all countries acro...

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is decisive for the eradication or survival of any tumor mass. Moreover, it plays a pivotal role for metastasis and for providing the metastatic niche. The TME offers special physiological conditions and is composed of, for example, surr...

Background Some coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients initially present with early oxygen demand, requiring more medical resources, and some develop severe conditions, while others worsen later in their clinical course. Whether the nature of the two groups is the...

Abstract Background Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. At the peak of the outbreak in Wuhan (January and February), there are two types of COVID-19 patients: laboratory confirmation and clinical diagnosis. T...

Resumen La poliuria es una condicion clinica frecuente caracterizada por un volumen de orina inapropiadamente alto para los niveles de presion arterial y sodio plasmatico del paciente (volumen de orina > 3 L/24 h). Desde el punto de vista fisiopatologico se clasifica en...

Introduction Lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) is a collagen post-translational modifying enzyme; it is abnormally activated during the formation of collagen cross-links. iCRT3 is an inhibitor of both Wnt and β-catenin responsive transcription. We hypothesized that LH3 is regul...

Entsprechend den Empfehlungen des ILCOR (International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation) von 2003 wird die Anwendung der therapeutischen Hypothermie bei bewusstlosen erwachsenen Patienten empfohlen, die einen Kreislaufstillstand unabhangig vom initial registrierten He...

Stimuli-responsive polymers (SRPs) are a recent innovative approach that has numerous biomedical applications. These smart polymers can be used in various industrial and medical areas. Smart polymeric hydrogels are a new class of biomedical materials that have attracted...

The minimum requirements for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are significant, prolonged symptoms with supporting clinical and radiological signs. Despite interest in screening tools, there is limited evidence for a specific symptom threshold that justifies surgery. Non-op...

Currently, occupational heat exposure is usually measured using environmental variables such as the wet bulb globe temperature index. The costs of heat stress monitoring include the acquisition of specialized equipment and the recruitment of trained personnel. In rapidl...

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of fever of unknown origin (FUO) according to the definition with qualitative study criterion and of patients without diagnosis. Materials and methods Prospective observational study performed...

Resumen Introduccion La diabetes mellitus y el sindrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueno parecen estar relacionados, pero no esta bien definido si en los pacientes con ambas enfermedades existe un mayor riesgo de neuropatia periferica. Para ello, realizamos una revision sist...

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has been recommended as an integral part of treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Climate therapy in salt mine chambers has been found of benefit in chronic respiratory diseases. The study compares long-t...

Insufficient O2 delivery to, and uptake by skeletal muscle can produce mobility limitations for patients with chronic diseases. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used to noninvasively quantify the balance between skeletal muscle O2 delivery and utilization during...

Resumen Los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) presentan un mayor riesgo de experimentar una enfermedad grave por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) con un incremento de la mortalidad relacionada. Los agonistas del receptor del peptido similar al glucagon tipo 1 (AR...

This chapter focuses on modern deep learning techniques that are proposed for automatically recognizing and segmenting multiple organ regions on three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images. CT images are widely used to visualize 3D anatomical structures compo...

The purpose of this retrospective matched-cohort study was to evaluate the stability of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in patients using synthetic compared with desiccated thyroid products. Patients using a thyroid product for the treatment of hypothyroidism were mat...

Introduction Malnutrition affects 50% of hospitalized children and 25–70% of critically ill children. Enteral tube feeding is generally considered the preferred modality for critically ill pediatric patients. Clinical advantages of using peptide-based formulas are still...

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) was revised based on a combination of a categorical and a dimensional approach such that in the DSM, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), depressive disorders have been separated as a distinctive diseas...

The determination of high-sensitivity troponin remains the gold standard in patients with acute chest pain and allows the early diagnosis and therapy of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Increased cardiac troponin levels are highly specific for myocardial...

Der Verlauf der kritischen Erkrankung gliedert sich in mehrere Phasen (fruhe und spate Akutphase, Postakutphase), in denen unterschiedliche metabolische Prozesse stattfinden. Entsprechend sollte auch die medizinische Ernahrungstherapie phasengerecht an die metabolische ...

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) represents a critical hub for the regulation of different processes in both normal and tumor cells. Furthermore, it is now well established the role of mTOR in integrating and shaping different environmental paracrine and autocri...

Stem cells play a pivotal role in the developmental stages of an organism and in adulthood as well. Therefore, it is not surprising that stem cells constitute a focus of extensive research. Indeed, several decades of stem cell research have tremendously increased our kn...

We review state-of-the-art in translational and clinical studies focusing on the tumor microenvironment (TME) with a focus on tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIBs). The TME is a dynamic matrix of mutations, immune-regulatory networks, and distinct cell-to-cell interactions ...

A 91-year-old patient with dementia was admitted for a recent deterioration and refusal to feed. Examination was non-contributory. The admission chest X-ray showed an unexpected opacity in the …

Most fungal species are harmless to humans and some exist as commensals on mucocutaneous surfaces. Yet many fungi are opportunistic pathogens, causing life-threatening invasive infections when the immune system becomes compromised. The fungal cell wall contains conserve...

Virtual Reality has been used to great effect in the field of retraining and strengthening neural pathways in victims of serious brain injury and stroke.

Background Work might cause severe physical stress associated with emotional overload, especially among hospital employees. Objective To identify risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and occupational stress among employees of a teaching hospital. Method Cross-sectio...

Electroencephalography (EEG) systems and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are terms frequently involved in the field of neurological research. Under a technological point of view, BCI is considered to be a significant achievement within the frame of learning disabilitie...

The earliest known Greek medical school opened in Cnidus in the Hellenistic period BCE. Alcmaeon of Croton, author of the first anatomical text, worked at this school in the 6th and 7th centuries BCE. Before Hippocrates, he suggested that man might be constituted of Tal...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a key contributor to the global burden of mental illness given its relatively high lifetime prevalence, frequent comorbidity, and disability rates. Evidence-based treatment options for depression include pharmacotherapy and psy...

Penile cancer is rare but associated with a high morbidity and mortality once metastasized. Besides presenting a fundamental overview of penile cancer, the current literature on key players associated with the pathogenesis of penile cancer including common labor chemist...

"A multilayered action plan is needed for a substantial, timely and sustained investment in dementia prevention"

The pharmaceutical and clinical industries are imperative for the maintenance of global health and welfare and require accurate, reproducible, and high throughput analyses. Technological advancements, such as the development and implementation of liquid chromatography-t...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to characterize graduates of family medicine (FM) residencies from 1994 to 2017 and determine whether they continue to practice family medicine after residency. METHOD We sampled physicians who completed FM residency training from 1...